Malignant Melanoma: Why Early Treatment is Crucial

Malignant melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes—the pigment-producing cells of the skin. Unlike other skin cancers, melanoma has the potential to spread rapidly throughout the body, making urgent treatment strongly recommended once it is diagnosed.

Melanomas often develop in areas of skin that have been previously sunburnt. About one-third of cases arise from pre-existing moles, particularly atypical or irregular ones. Childhood sunburn is especially harmful, as it can double the risk of developing melanoma later in life. In addition to sun exposure, a personal or family history of skin cancer and having a large number of moles (50 or more, also known as ANS moles) can significantly increase the risk.

Recognising melanoma early is key to survival. The ABCDE rule is a simple and effective way to identify suspicious moles:

• A – Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other.

• B – Border: Irregular, ragged, or blurred edges.

• C – Colour: Multiple shades of brown, black, or even red and blue.

• D – Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).

• E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, colour, or symptoms like bleeding or itching.

When detected early, melanoma can be cured with a straightforward surgical excision performed under local anaesthetic. This procedure removes the cancer before it has the chance to spread, offering an excellent prognosis. However, delayed diagnosis allows melanoma to progress, increasing the risk of it spreading to vital organs, where treatment becomes far more complex and outcomes less favourable.

In short, early recognition and urgent treatment of malignant melanoma save lives. Regular skin checks, sun protection, and awareness of the ABCDE rule are vital steps in preventing this potentially deadly disease.